Con profundo pesar, la comunidad aeronáutica mundial lamenta el fallecimiento del Dr. James Reason, psicólogo británico y referente en el estudio del error humano y organizacional. Su contribución a la seguridad aérea transformó la forma en que se abordan la prevención de accidentes y la gestión del riesgo en entornos complejos.

Profesor emérito de la Universidad de Mánchester, el Dr. Reason alcanzó reconocimiento internacional gracias a su Modelo del Queso Suizo, una teoría clave en la comprensión de los accidentes. Este modelo explica cómo los fallos latentes en distintos niveles de una organización pueden alinearse y ocasionar eventos catastróficos, una perspectiva que revolucionó la cultura de seguridad en la aviación y otras industrias.

Entre sus obras más influyentes destacan Human Error (1990) y Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents (1997), textos de referencia obligada para profesionales interesados en la seguridad operacional. Sus investigaciones promovieron un cambio de paradigma: de un enfoque punitivo ante los errores, a una cultura organizacional basada en el aprendizaje y la mejora continua.

Más allá de su legado teórico, el Dr. Reason fue un gran comunicador que dedicó su vida a compartir conocimientos con investigadores, pilotos, controladores, ingenieros y gestores aeronáuticos. Sus conferencias marcaron tendencia y sirvieron de guía para fomentar prácticas de seguridad más efectivas y humanas.

Su partida representa una gran pérdida para la seguridad operacional y la prevención de accidentes, pero sus ideas seguirán iluminando el camino hacia una aviación más segura y resiliente. La mejor manera de honrar su memoria es continuar aplicando sus enseñanzas y promoviendo una cultura de seguridad basada en el aprendizaje y la responsabilidad compartida.

Descansa en paz, Dr. James Reason. Su legado perdurará en la aviación y en todas las disciplinas que se benefician de sus invaluables aportes.

Dr. James Reason

James T. Reason (1 de mayo de 1938 – 5 de febrero de 2025) fue profesor de psicología en la Universidad de Manchester, donde se graduó en 1962 y fue profesor titular desde 1977 hasta 2001. Escribió libros sobre errores humanos, incluyendo aspectos como la distracción, factores humanos en aviación, errores de mantenimiento y gestión de riesgospara accidentes organizacionales.

En 2003, la Universidad de Aberdeen le otorgó un doctorado honoris causa. Fue miembro de la British Academy, la British Psychological Society, la Royal Aeronautical Society y el Royal College of General Practitioners. Recibió un CBE en 2003 por sus servicios en la reducción de los riesgos en la atención sanitaria. En 2011 fue elegido miembro honorario de la Safety and Reliability Society.

Modelo del queso suizo de la causalidad de los accidentes con ejemplos de capas de barrera

Entre sus muchas contribuciones se encuentra la introducción del modelo del queso suizo, un marco conceptual para la descripción de accidentes basado en la noción de que los accidentes solo ocurrirán si fallan múltiples barreras, creando así un camino desde una causa inicial hasta las consecuencias finales no deseadas, como daños a personas, bienes, el medio ambiente, etc. Reason también describió la primera teoría completamente desarrollada de una cultura justa en su libro de 1997, Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents.

Fuente: Aviación Digital

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